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Geographic positions may also be expressed indirectly, as a distance in linear referencing or as a bearing and range from a known landmark. In turn, positions can determine a meaningful location, such as a street address. Geoposition is sometimes referred to as geolocation, and the process of geopositioning may also be described as geo ...
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
As such, they are often better served by a local Cartesian coordinate system, in which the coordinates represent actual distance units on the ground, using the same units of measurement from two perpendicular coordinate axes. [1] [2] [3] This can improve human comprehension by providing reference of scale, as well as making actual distance ...
The X column is the ratio of the length of the parallel to the length of the equator; the Y column can be multiplied by 0.2536 [11] to obtain the ratio of the distance of that parallel from the equator to the length of the equator. [7] [9] Coordinates of points on a map are computed as follows: [7] [9]
These letters form the third and fourth characters of a full GEOREF coordinate. Four letters thus identify any 1-degree quadrangle in the world. Each of the 1-degree quadrangles is further subdivided into 60 1-minute longitude zones, numbered 00 through 59 from west to east, and 60 1-minute latitude bands, numbered 00 to 59 from south to north.
Geographical distance or geodetic distance is the distance measured along the surface of the Earth, or the shortest arch length. The formulae in this article calculate distances between points which are defined by geographical coordinates in terms of latitude and longitude. This distance is an element in solving the second (inverse) geodetic ...
Cardinal directions or cardinal points may sometimes be extended to include vertical position (elevation, altitude, depth): north and south, east and west, up and down; or mathematically the six directions of the x-, y-, and z-axes in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinates. Topographic maps include elevation, typically via contour lines.
Latitude line – Geographic coordinate specifying north-south position Equator – Imaginary line halfway between Earth's North and South poles; Longitude line – Geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface Prime Meridian – A line of longitude, at which longitude is defined to be 0°