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  2. Geopositioning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geopositioning

    Geographic positions may also be expressed indirectly, as a distance in linear referencing or as a bearing and range from a known landmark. In turn, positions can determine a meaningful location, such as a street address. Geoposition is sometimes referred to as geolocation, and the process of geopositioning may also be described as geo ...

  3. Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-centered,_Earth...

    The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.

  4. World Geographic Reference System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_geographic_reference...

    These letters form the third and fourth characters of a full GEOREF coordinate. Four letters thus identify any 1-degree quadrangle in the world. Each of the 1-degree quadrangles is further subdivided into 60 1-minute longitude zones, numbered 00 through 59 from west to east, and 60 1-minute latitude bands, numbered 00 to 59 from south to north.

  5. ISO 6709 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709

    The first edition (ISO 6709:1983) was developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32. Later the standard was transferred to ISO/TC211, Geographic information/Geomatics in 2001. The committee completely revised the second edition (ISO 6709:2008). There was a short technical corrigendum (ISO 6709:2008/Cor 1:2009) released in 2009. [1]

  6. Robinson projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson_projection

    The X column is the ratio of the length of the parallel to the length of the equator; the Y column can be multiplied by 0.2536 [11] to obtain the ratio of the distance of that parallel from the equator to the length of the equator. [7] [9] Coordinates of points on a map are computed as follows: [7] [9]

  7. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

    A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.

  8. United States National Grid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Grid

    Rectangular, distance-based coordinate systems have long been recognized for their practical utility for land measurement and geolocation over local areas. In the United States, the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), created in 1785 in order to survey land newly ceded to the nation, introduced a rectangular coordinate system to improve on the ...

  9. Map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map

    Many maps are drawn to a scale expressed as a ratio, such as 1:10,000, which means that 1 unit of measurement on the map corresponds to 10,000 of that same unit on the ground. The scale statement can be accurate when the region mapped is small enough for the curvature of the Earth to be neglected, such as a city map .

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