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However, the punctuational equilibrium model may still be inferred from both the observation of stasis and examples of rapid and episodic speciation events documented in the fossil record. [70] Dawkins also emphasizes that punctuated equilibrium has been "oversold by some journalists", [71] but partly due to Eldredge and Gould's "later writings ...
The Bak–Sneppen model is a simple model of co-evolution between interacting species. It was developed to show how self-organized criticality may explain key features of the fossil record, such as the distribution of sizes of extinction events and the phenomenon of punctuated equilibrium. It is named after Per Bak and Kim Sneppen.
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Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould proposed punctuated equilibria in 1972. Punctuated equilibrium is a refinement to evolutionary theory. It describes patterns of descent taking place in "fits and starts" separated by long periods of stability. Eldredge went on to develop a hierarchical vision of evolutionary and ecological systems. Around this ...
Punctuated equilibrium, path dependence, and institutions Paul A. David and W. Brian Arthur , two economists, introduced and elaborated the concept of path dependence , the idea that past events and decisions affect present options and that some outcomes can persist due to the operation of a self-reinforcing feedback loop. [ 31 ]
The punctuated equilibrium model (above) consists of morphological stability followed by episodic bursts of evolutionary change via rapid cladogenesis. It is contrasted (below) to phyletic gradualism , a more gradual, continuous model of evolution.
The punctuated equilibrium model of policy change was first presented by Frank Baumgartner and Bryan Jones in 1993, [1] and has increasingly received attention in historical institutionalism. [3] The model states that policy generally changes only incrementally due to several restraints, namely the "stickiness" of institutional cultures, vested ...
The extended evolutionary synthesis was called for in the 1950s by C. H. Waddington, argued for on the basis of punctuated equilibrium by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge in the 1980s, and was reconceptualized in 2007 by Massimo Pigliucci and Gerd B. Müller.