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  2. Matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

    A definition of "matter" based on its physical and chemical structure is: matter is made up of atoms. [17] Such atomic matter is also sometimes termed ordinary matter. As an example, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules (DNA) are matter under this definition because they are made of atoms.

  3. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Time crystals: A state of matter where an object can have movement even at its lowest energy state. Hidden states of matter: Phases that are unattainable or do not exist in thermal equilibrium, but can be induced e.g. by photoexcitation. Microphase separation: Constituent units forming diverse phases while also keeping united.

  4. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    The Sun's corona, some types of flame, and stars are all examples of illuminated matter in the plasma state. Plasma is by far the most abundant of the four fundamental states, as 99% of all ordinary matter in the universe is plasma, as it composes all stars. [4] [5] [6]

  5. Physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics

    A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. [81] [82] Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of phenomena, and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms.

  6. Branches of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_physics

    By modeling matter as collections of hard spheres, it is possible to describe the kinetic theory of gases, upon which classical thermodynamics is based. Thermodynamics studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on physical systems on the macroscopic scale, and the transfer of energy as heat.

  7. Mechanical energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_energy

    That the loss of mechanical energy in a system always resulted in an increase of the system's temperature has been known for a long time, but it was the amateur physicist James Prescott Joule who first experimentally demonstrated how a certain amount of work done against friction resulted in a definite quantity of heat which should be conceived ...

  8. Energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy

    Examples of large transformations between rest energy (of matter) and other forms of energy (e.g., kinetic energy into particles with rest mass) are found in nuclear physics and particle physics. Often, however, the complete conversion of matter (such as atoms) to non-matter (such as photons) is forbidden by conservation laws .

  9. Glossary of physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_physics

    The natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves. piezoelectricity pion Planck constant Also called Planck's constant.