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A key discovery was the existence of groups of homeobox genes, which function as switches responsible for laying down the basic body plan in animals. The homeobox genes are remarkably conserved between species as diverse as the fruit fly and humans, the basic segmented pattern of the worm or fruit fly being the origin of the segmented spine in ...
An anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements. In human and non-human anatomy, three principal planes are used: The sagittal plane or lateral plane (longitudinal, anteroposterior) is a plane parallel to the sagittal suture. It divides the body ...
Pia mater (/ ˈ p aɪ. ə ˈ m eɪ t ər / or / ˈ p iː ə ˈ m ɑː t ər /), [1] often referred to as simply the pia, is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges, the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater is medieval Latin meaning "tender mother". [1] The other two meningeal membranes are the dura mater and the ...
For example, structures may be described relative to the anterior superior iliac spine, the medial malleolus or the medial epicondyle. Anatomical lines are theoretical lines, used to describe anatomical location. For example, the mid-clavicular line is used as part of the cardiac exam in medicine to feel the apex beat of the heart.
Segmentation in biology is the division of some animal and plant body plans into a linear series of repetitive segments that may or may not be interconnected to each other. This article focuses on the segmentation of animal body plans, specifically using the examples of the taxa Arthropoda, Chordata, and Annelida. These three groups form ...
Symmetry in biology refers to the symmetry observed in organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. External symmetry can be easily seen by just looking at an organism. For example, the face of a human being has a plane of symmetry down its centre, or a pine cone displays a clear symmetrical spiral pattern.
This plane cuts the body into halves (assuming bilateral symmetry), [3] passing through midline structures such as the navel and spine. It is one of the planes which, combined with the umbilical plane, defines the four quadrants of the human abdomen. [4] The term parasagittal is used to describe any plane parallel or adjacent to a given ...
The supracristal plane. Located at the level of L4; Marks bifurcation of aorta; Most superior aspect of iliac crest; The intertubercular plane (a.k.a. Transtubercular plane) Located at the level of L5; Marks origin of IVC; The interspinous plane. Transverse plane which transverses the anterior superior iliac spines. Typically located at the ...