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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process of fertilization in which an egg is combined with sperm in vitro ("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's ovulatory process, then removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from her ovaries and enabling a man's sperm to fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory.
With the 8 couples with embryo cryopreservation, there was a 65% fertilisation rate. At least one good quality day 3 embryo was cryopreserved in 7/8 couples. This experiment shows that IVM of oocytes obtained ex vivo during the processing of ovarian cortex prior to cryopreservation is a promising solution for patients at risk for fertility loss ...
Fertilization was not understood in antiquity. Hippocrates believed that the embryo was the product of male semen and a female factor. Aristotle held that only male semen gave rise to an embryo, while the female only provided a place for the embryo to develop, [5] a concept he acquired from the preformationist Pythagoras.
Human sexual reproduction, to produce offspring, begins with fertilization. Successful reproduction typically involves sexual intercourse between a healthy, sexually mature and fertile male and female. [1] During sexual intercourse, sperm cells are ejaculated into the vagina through the penis, resulting in fertilization of an ovum to form a ...
[9] The term is also used in the context of third-party insemination, where a male who is not the woman's usual sexual partner (i.e., a sperm donor) fathers a child for the woman by providing his sperm through sexual intercourse rather than by providing his sperm for it to be used to produce a pregnancy in the woman by artificial means. [10]
Embryo transfer: the strongest and genetically correct embryos are selected and the decided number will be transferred to the gestational carrier. [ 10 ] Pregnancy test: after two weeks, a period known as the two-week wait it can be determined if the embryos had been properly implanted and will result in a pregnancy.
Embryo culture until the blastocyst stage confers a significant increase in live birth rate per embryo transfer, and there is no evidence of a difference between the groups in cumulative pregnancy rates. [2] Transfer day 2 instead of day 3 after fertilization has no differences in live birth rate. [3]
The ability to freeze and subsequently thaw and transfer embryos has significantly improved the feasibility of IVF use. [23] In 1983, Alan Trounson and Linda Mohr reported the first pregnancy which used embryo cryopreservation (frozen human embryos). However, this embryo was not carried to term.