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2. Aleppo soap - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_soap

   Traditional Aleppo soap is made by the "hot process". First, the olive oil is brought into a large, in-ground vat along with water and lye. Underneath the vat, there is an underground fire that heats the contents to a boil. Boiling lasts three days while the oil reacts with the lye and water to become a thick liquid soap. Soap cooling

3. Soap - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soap

   A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]

4. Castile soap - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castile_soap

   The origins of Castile soap go back to the Levant, where Aleppo soapmakers have made hard soaps based on olive and laurel oil for millennia. [2]It is commonly believed that the Crusaders brought Aleppo soap back to Europe in the 11th century, based on the claim that the earliest soap made in Europe was just after the Crusades, but in fact, the Greeks knew about soap in the first century AD and ...

5. Saponification - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification

   Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out with sodium chloride. Skeletal formula of stearin, a triglyceride that is converted by saponification with sodium hydroxide into glycerol and sodium stearate. Fat in a corpse converts into adipocere, often called "grave wax".

6. Vegan soap - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegan_soap

   Examples of traditional vegan soaps include: Aleppo soap, Castile soap, Marseille soap, Nabulsi soap, and some glycerin soaps. Vegans may boycott soaps tested on animals. [3] The Vegan Society defines veganism as excluding "—as far as is possible and practicable—all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals". [1]

7. Saponification value - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification_value

   The SV can also be calculated from the fatty acid composition as determined by gas chromatography (AOCS Cd 3a-94). [5] Handmade soap makers who aim for bar soap use sodium hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as lye, rather than KOH (caustic potash) which produces soft paste, gel or liquid soaps. In order to calculate the lye amount needed to make ...