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Logical equality (also known as biconditional or exclusive nor) is an operation on two logical values, typically the values of two propositions, that produces a value of true if both operands are false or both operands are true. The truth table for p XNOR q (also written as p ↔ q, Epq, p = q, or p ≡ q) is as follows:
Pascal's calculator (also known as the arithmetic machine or Pascaline) is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as the supervisor of taxes in Rouen . [ 2 ]
The most thoroughly researched branch of propositional logic is classical truth-functional propositional logic, [1] in which formulas are interpreted as having precisely one of two possible truth values, the truth value of true or the truth value of false. [16]
In mathematics and mathematical logic, Boolean algebra is a branch of algebra.It differs from elementary algebra in two ways. First, the values of the variables are the truth values true and false, usually denoted 1 and 0, whereas in elementary algebra the values of the variables are numbers.
For example, the formula "a AND NOT b" is satisfiable because one can find the values a = TRUE and b = FALSE, which make (a AND NOT b) = TRUE. In contrast, "a AND NOT a" is unsatisfiable. SAT is the first problem that was proven to be NP-complete—this is the Cook–Levin theorem.
True or False Questions About History. 96. Coca-Cola was the first soft drink in the United States. Answer: False – it was Dr Pepper. 97. Erik the Red was the uncle of famous explorer Leif Erikson.
Casio fx-77, a solar-powered digital calculator from the 1980s using a single-line LCD. A scientific calculator is an electronic calculator, either desktop or handheld, designed to perform calculations using basic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and advanced (trigonometric, hyperbolic, etc.) mathematical operations and functions.
The History of Computing by J.A.N. Lee "Things that Count: the rise and fall of calculators" The History of Computing Project; SIG on Computers, Information and Society of the Society for the History of Technology; The Modern History of Computing; A Chronology of Digital Computing Machines (to 1952) by Mark Brader