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In mathematics, a quadratic function of a single variable is a function of the form [1] = + +,,where is its variable, and , , and are coefficients.The expression + + , especially when treated as an object in itself rather than as a function, is a quadratic polynomial, a polynomial of degree two.
For quadratic equations with rational coefficients, if the discriminant is a square number, then the roots are rational—in other cases they may be quadratic irrationals. If the discriminant is zero, then there is exactly one real root − b 2 a , {\displaystyle -{\frac {b}{2a}},} sometimes called a repeated or double root or two equal roots.
The roots of the quadratic function y = 1 / 2 x 2 − 3x + 5 / 2 are the places where the graph intersects the x-axis, the values x = 1 and x = 5. They can be found via the quadratic formula. In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula of math solving basic integral outputs 1 is a closed-form expression describing the solutions ...
Quadratic forms are not to be confused with quadratic equations, which have only one variable and may include terms of degree less than two. A quadratic form is a specific instance of the more general concept of forms .
Quadratic programming (QP) is the process of solving certain mathematical optimization problems involving quadratic functions. Specifically, one seeks to optimize (minimize or maximize) a multivariate quadratic function subject to linear constraints on the variables.
In many applications, objective functions, including loss functions as a particular case, are determined by the problem formulation. In other situations, the decision maker’s preference must be elicited and represented by a scalar-valued function (called also utility function) in a form suitable for optimization — the problem that Ragnar Frisch has highlighted in his Nobel Prize lecture. [4]
Intuitively, a strongly-convex function is a function that grows as fast as a quadratic function. [11] A strongly convex function is also strictly convex, but not vice versa. If a one-dimensional function f {\displaystyle f} is twice continuously differentiable and the domain is the real line, then we can characterize it as follows:
Quadratic formula, calculation to solve a quadratic equation for the independent variable (x) Quadratic field, an algebraic number field of degree two over the field of rational numbers; Quadratic irrational or "quadratic surd", an irrational number that is a root of a quadratic polynomial