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A pentagraph (from the Greek: πέντε, pénte, "five" and γράφω, gráphō, "write") is a sequence of five letters used to represent a single sound (phoneme), or a combination of sounds, that do not correspond to the individual values of the letters. [1]
A number of generalisations [25] [26] [27] of the notion of a word-representable graph are based on the observation by Jeff Remmel that non-edges are defined by occurrences of the pattern 11 (two consecutive equal letters) in a word representing a graph, while edges are defined by avoidance of this pattern. For example, instead of the pattern ...
The principal types of graphemes are logograms (more accurately termed morphograms [10]), which represent words or morphemes (for example Chinese characters, the ampersand "&" representing the word and, Arabic numerals); syllabic characters, representing syllables (as in Japanese kana); and alphabetic letters, corresponding roughly to phonemes ...
Below, get background on how the third-to-last letter in the English alphabet came to be in the first place, different schools of thought regarding its success in fostering inclusivity, and how to ...
In other words, the sound that most English speakers think of as /t/ is really a group of sounds, all pronounced slightly differently depending on where they occur in a word. A perfectly phonemic orthography has one letter per group of sounds (phoneme), with different letters only where the sounds distinguish words (so "bed" is spelled ...
In Welsh, the digraph ll fused for a time into a ligature.. A digraph (from Ancient Greek δίς (dís) 'double' and γράφω (gráphō) 'to write') or digram is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
A multigraph (or pleograph) is a sequence of letters that behaves as a unit and is not the sum of its parts, such as English ch or French eau . The term is infrequently used, as the number of letters is usually specified: Digraph (two letters, as English ch or ea ) Trigraph (three letters, as French tch or eau )
The top hook, as in ɠ ɗ ɓ , indicates implosion. Several nasal consonants are based on the form n : n ɲ ɳ ŋ . ɲ and ŋ derive from ligatures of gn and ng, and ɱ is an ad hoc imitation of ŋ . Letters turned 180 degrees for suggestive shapes, such as ɐ ɔ ə ɟ ɥ ɯ ɹ ʌ ʍ ʎ from a c e f h m r v w y .