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  2. Mass transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_transfer

    Mass transfer is the net movement of mass from one location (usually meaning stream, phase, fraction, or component) to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as absorption, evaporation, drying, precipitation, membrane filtration, and distillation. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes ...

  3. Transport phenomena - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena

    There are some notable similarities in equations for momentum, energy, and mass transfer [7] which can all be transported by diffusion, as illustrated by the following examples: Mass: the spreading and dissipation of odors in air is an example of mass diffusion. Energy: the conduction of heat in a solid material is an example of heat diffusion.

  4. Thermodynamic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system

    Mass and energy remains constant within the system, and no energy or mass transfer takes place across the boundary. As time passes in an isolated system, internal differences in the system tend to even out and pressures and temperatures tend to equalize, as do density differences.

  5. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

    () = where u denotes the internal energy per unit mass of the transferred matter, as measured while in the surroundings; and ΔM denotes the amount of transferred mass. The flow of heat is a form of energy transfer. Heat transfer is the natural process of moving energy to or from a system, other than by work or the transfer of matter.

  6. First law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_law_of_thermodynamics

    Born's definition was specifically for transfers of energy without transfer of matter, and it has been widely followed in textbooks (examples: [28] [29] [30]). Born observes that a transfer of matter between two systems is accompanied by a transfer of internal energy that cannot be resolved into heat and work components.

  7. Heat transfer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_transfer

    By transferring matter, energy—including thermal energy—is moved by the physical transfer of a hot or cold object from one place to another. This can be as simple as placing hot water in a bottle and heating a bed, or the movement of an iceberg in changing ocean currents. A practical example is thermal hydraulics.

  8. Energy transformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_transformation

    Fire is an example of energy transformation Energy transformation using Energy Systems Language. Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. [1] In physics, energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving (e.g. lifting an object) or provides heat.

  9. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Hexatic state, a state of matter that is between the solid and the isotropic liquid phases in two dimensional systems of particles. Ferroics; Ferroelastic state, a phenomenon in which a material may exhibit a spontaneous strain. Photon molecule: Photons which are connected with each other, attracted by apparent mass while mediating energy transfer.