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Thinking Skills and Creativity is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers research into the teaching of thinking skills and creativity. The editors-in-chief are Pamela Burnard (University of Cambridge) and Emmanuel Manalo (Kyoto University). The journal was established in 2006 and is published by Elsevier.
Higher-order thinking, also known as higher order thinking skills (HOTS), [1] is a concept applied in relation to education reform and based on learning taxonomies (such as American psychologist Benjamin Bloom's taxonomy). The idea is that some types of learning require more cognitive processing than others, but also have more generalized benefits.
Metacognition – Self-awareness about thinking, higher-order thinking skills; Model of hierarchical complexity – Framework for scoring how complex a behavior is; Closure (psychology) – Psychological term for one's need for an answer to something; Need for cognition – Psychology concept; Openness to experience – Personality trait
Ellis Paul Torrance (October 8, 1915 [2] – July 12, 2003) was an American psychologist best known for his research in creativity.. After completing his undergraduate degree at Mercer University, Torrance acquired a Master's degree at the University of Minnesota and then a doctorate from the University of Michigan.
Convergent thinking is the opposite of divergent thinking as it organizes and structures ideas and information, which follows a particular set of logical steps to arrive at one solution, which in some cases is a "correct" solution. The psychologist J. P. Guilford first coined the terms convergent thinking and divergent thinking in 1956.
Bloom's taxonomy is a framework for categorizing educational goals, developed by a committee of educators chaired by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. It was first introduced in the publication Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals.
The solution that is derived at the end of the convergent thinking process is the best possible answer the majority of the time. Convergent thinking is also linked to knowledge as it involves manipulating existing knowledge by means of standard procedures. [1] Knowledge is another important aspect of creativity.
The CPS method is a more explicit form of cultivating creativity and uses divergent and convergent thinking skills. [15] Students are asked to brainstorm, plan ahead, and find solutions. Instead of changing an entire curriculum to be creative focused, this method is a more obvious way to teach students how to critically approach assignments.