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For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase : [2]
Hydrochloric acid has been used for dissolving calcium carbonate, e.g. such things as de-scaling kettles and for cleaning mortar off brickwork. When used on brickwork the reaction with the mortar only continues until the acid has all been converted, producing calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water: CaCO 3 + 2 HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O
In fractions like "2 nanometers per meter" (2 n m / m = 2 nano = 2×10 −9 = 2 ppb = 2 × 0.000 000 001), so the quotients are pure-number coefficients with positive values less than or equal to 1. When parts-per notations, including the percent symbol (%), are used in regular prose (as opposed to mathematical expressions), they are still pure ...
Most hydrogen chloride is consumed in the production of hydrochloric acid. It is also used in the production of vinyl chloride and many alkyl chlorides. [13] Trichlorosilane, a precursor to ultrapure silicon, is produced by the reaction of hydrogen chloride and silicon at around 300 °C. [18] Si + 3 HCl → HSiCl 3 + H 2
When expressed in percent, it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10 −2). The mole fraction is called amount fraction by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [ 1 ] and amount-of-substance fraction by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and ...
The solution has 1 mole or 1 equiv Na +, 1 mole or 2 equiv Ca 2+, and 3 mole or 3 equiv Cl −. An earlier definition, used especially for chemical elements , holds that an equivalent is the amount of a substance that will react with 1 g (0.035 oz) of hydrogen , 8 g (0.28 oz) of oxygen , or 35.5 g (1.25 oz) of chlorine —or that will displace ...
For any substance, the number density can be expressed in terms of its amount concentration c (in mol/m 3) as = where N A is the Avogadro constant. This is still true if the spatial dimension unit, metre, in both n and c is consistently replaced by any other spatial dimension unit, e.g. if n is in cm −3 and c is in mol/cm 3 , or if n is in L ...