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An open fracture (or compound fracture) is a bone fracture where the broken bone breaks through the skin. [2] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta ...
The basic method to check for a clavicle fracture is by an X-ray of the clavicle to determine the fracture type and extent of injury. In former times, X-rays were taken of both clavicle bones for comparison purposes. Due to the curved shape in a tilted plane X-rays are typically oriented with ~15° upwards facing tilt from the front.
A Jones fracture is a broken bone in a specific part of the fifth metatarsal of the foot between the base and middle part [8] that is known for its high rate of delayed healing or nonunion. [4] It results in pain near the midportion of the foot on the outside. [2] There may also be bruising and difficulty walking. [3] Onset is generally sudden. [4]
Broken toes can usually be cared for at home, unless the break is in the big toe, there is an open wound, or the broken ends of the bone are displaced. [4] In high-force crushing and shearing injuries, especially those with open wounds, blood circulation (tested by capillary refill ) can be impaired, which needs urgent professional treatment. [ 3 ]
Complete fractures, where the bone is completely broken, are unstable. In a complete fracture the bone can be misaligned. [4] For a complete fracture, a closed fractures are those in which the skin and tissue lying over the bone is intact. An open fracture (exposed bone) is a serious injury. [4]
If the bones are not properly aligned surgery is generally required. [1] Returning the bones to their normal position results in better outcomes. [2] Surgery may be delayed a few days as long as the skin remained intact. [1] About 2% of all fractures are calcaneal fractures. [2] However, they make up 60% of fractures of the mid foot bones. [2]
As these are colloquial terms, texts and medical dictionaries do not universally agree on precise meanings. Various authorities state that a "boxer's fracture" means a break in specifically the second metacarpal bone or third metacarpal bone, [14] with "bar room fracture" being specific to the fourth metacarpal bone or fifth metacarpal bone. [15]
It is not unusual for patients to walk in for treatment and have such a fracture discovered on X-rays. Only if the force of the injury is severe enough that the vertebral body of C2 is severely subluxed from C3 does the spinal cord become crushed, usually between the vertebral body of C3 and the posterior elements of C1 and C2.