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In 2020, Indonesian had 71.9 million native speakers and 176.5 million second-language speakers, [58] who speak it alongside their local mother tongue, giving a total number of speakers in Indonesia of 248.5 million. [59]
A Toba Batak speaker. Toba Batak (/ ˈ t oʊ b ə ˈ b æ t ə k / [2]) is an Austronesian language spoken in North Sumatra province in Indonesia. It is part of a group of languages called Batak. There are approximately 1,610,000 Toba Batak speakers, living to the east, west and south of Lake Toba.
The following languages are listed as having at least 50 million first-language speakers in the 27th edition of Ethnologue published in 2024. [7] This section does not include entries that Ethnologue identifies as macrolanguages encompassing all their respective varieties , such as Arabic , Lahnda , Persian , Malay , Pashto , and Chinese .
Javanese is the most spoken indigenous language, with native speakers constituting 31.8% of the total population of Indonesia (as of 2010). [17] Javanese speakers are predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of Java, and there are also sizable numbers in most provinces.
It is known as Li Niha by its native speakers. It belongs to the Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands subgroup which also includes Mentawai and the Batak languages. [1] It had about 770,000 speakers in 2000. [1] There are three main dialects: northern, central and southern. [2]
In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between "Malay language" (bahasa Melayu) and "Indonesian" (bahasa Indonesia). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the unifying language of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term "Malay" in common parlance. [ 17 ]
Betawi, also known as Betawi Malay, Jakartan Malay, or Batavian Malay (It called also as Jakarta-centric language, Indonesian: Bahasa Jakarta-sentris (Jaktris)), is the spoken language of the Betawi people in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people; a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague ...
Karo, referred to in Indonesia as Bahasa Karo (Karo language), is an Austronesian language that is spoken by the Karo people of Indonesia. It is used by around 600,000 people in North Sumatra . It is mainly spoken in Karo Regency , southern parts of Deli Serdang Regency and northern parts of Dairi Regency , North Sumatra , Indonesia .