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  2. Cycles per instruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycles_per_instruction

    In computer architecture, cycles per instruction (aka clock cycles per instruction, clocks per instruction, or CPI) is one aspect of a processor's performance: the average number of clock cycles per instruction for a program or program fragment. [1] It is the multiplicative inverse of instructions per cycle.

  3. Instructions per cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_cycle

    The number of instructions per second and floating point operations per second for a processor can be derived by multiplying the number of instructions per cycle with the clock rate (cycles per second given in Hertz) of the processor in question. The number of instructions per second is an approximate indicator of the likely performance of the ...

  4. Instruction cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_cycle

    In simpler CPUs, the instruction cycle is executed sequentially, each instruction being processed before the next one is started. In most modern CPUs, the instruction cycles are instead executed concurrently, and often in parallel, through an instruction pipeline: the next instruction starts being processed before the previous instruction has finished, which is possible because the cycle is ...

  5. Instructions per second - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructions_per_second

    Before standard benchmarks were available, average speed rating of computers was based on calculations for a mix of instructions with the results given in kilo instructions per second (kIPS). The most famous was the Gibson Mix , [ 2 ] produced by Jack Clark Gibson of IBM for scientific applications in 1959.

  6. Instruction set architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture

    Each instruction specifies some number of operands (registers, memory locations, or immediate values) explicitly. Some instructions give one or both operands implicitly, such as by being stored on top of the stack or in an implicit register. If some of the operands are given implicitly, fewer operands need be specified in the instruction.

  7. Iron law of processor performance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_processor...

    Generally speaking, however, complex instructions inflate the number of clock cycles per instruction because they must be decoded into simpler micro-operations actually performed by the hardware. After converting X86 binary to the micro-operations used internally, the total number of operations is close to what is produced for a comparable RISC ...

  8. IA-64 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA-64

    In 1989, HP began to become concerned that reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architectures were approaching a processing limit at one instruction per cycle.Both Intel and HP researchers had been exploring computer architecture options for future designs and separately began investigating a new concept known as very long instruction word (VLIW) [2] which came out of research by Yale ...

  9. Processor design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processor_design

    Processor design is a subfield of computer science and computer engineering (fabrication) that deals with creating a processor, a key component of computer hardware.. The design process involves choosing an instruction set and a certain execution paradigm (e.g. VLIW or RISC) and results in a microarchitecture, which might be described in e.g. VHDL or Verilog.