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A mortality rate of 47% has been reported for acute compartment syndrome of the thigh. According to one study the rate of fasciotomy for acute compartment syndrome varied from 2% to 24%. [19] This is due to uncertainty and differences in labeling a condition as acute compartment syndrome.
Fasciotomy or fasciectomy is a surgical procedure where the fascia is cut to relieve tension or pressure in order to treat the resulting loss of circulation to an area of tissue or muscle. [1] Fasciotomy is a limb-saving procedure when used to treat acute compartment syndrome .
A compartment space is anatomically determined by an unyielding fascial (and osseous) enclosure of the muscles.The anterior compartment syndrome of the lower leg (often referred to simply as anterior compartment syndrome), can affect any and all four muscles of that compartment: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and peroneus tertius.
Tissue swelling and fasciotomy; Following ischemia, reperfusion induces local tissue swelling. Tissue that swells within a confined space (e.g., muscle within its overlaying fascia) is susceptible to compartment syndrome in this situation.
Compartment syndrome is treated with surgery to relieve the pressure inside the muscle compartment and reduce the risk of compression on blood vessels and nerves in that area. Fasciotomy is the incision of the affected compartment. Often, multiple incisions are made and left open until the swelling has reduced.
The most important signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome are observable before actual contracture. What is known as the five Ps of compartment syndrome include: pain, generally the initial symptom, accompanied by pulselessness, pallor, paralysis, and paraesthesias. Pain will likely also increase upon extension of the affected limbs hands ...
Compartment syndrome rarely occurs in the first dorsal interosseous compartment of hand. [6] This condition is caused by excessive use of hand, resulting in pain and swelling on the dorsum of the hand. It can be treated by simple fasciotomy. [6]
The thickness of the fascia can give problems when any inflammation present in the leg has little room to expand into. Blood vessels and nerves can also be affected by the pressure caused by any swelling in the leg. If the pressure becomes great enough, blood flow to the muscle can be blocked, leading to a condition known as compartment ...