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The noble gases have also been referred to as inert gases, but this label is deprecated as many noble gas compounds are now known. [6] Rare gases is another term that was used, [ 7 ] but this is also inaccurate because argon forms a fairly considerable part (0.94% by volume, 1.3% by mass) of the Earth's atmosphere due to decay of radioactive ...
Noble gases were not known in 1844 when this classification arrangement was published. Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen were grouped together on account of their occurrence in living things. Phosphorus, sulfur and selenium were characterised as being solid; volatile at an average temperature between 100 degrees and red heat; and ...
Most applications of noble gas compounds are either as oxidising agents or as a means to store noble gases in a dense form. Xenic acid is a valuable oxidising agent because it has no potential for introducing impurities—xenon is simply liberated as a gas—and so is rivalled only by ozone in this regard. [4]
It also has the most number of nonmetals, namely five, among all periods. The elements in period 2 often have the most extreme properties in their respective groups; for example, fluorine is the most reactive halogen, neon is the most inert noble gas, [4] and lithium is the least reactive alkali metal. [5]
Fluorine has a rich chemistry, encompassing organic and inorganic domains. It combines with metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and most noble gases. [97] Fluorine's high electron affinity results in a preference for ionic bonding; when it forms covalent bonds, these are polar, and almost always single. [98] [99] [note 10]
This page provides supplementary data about the noble gases, which were excluded from the main article to conserve space and preserve focus. Oganesson mostly not included due to the amount of research known about it.
This is a list of gases at standard conditions, which means substances that boil or sublime at or below 25 °C (77 °F) and 1 atm pressure and are reasonably stable.
Neon has a very high ionisation energy (2080.7 kJ/mol), low electron affinity (estimated at −120 kJ/mol), and very high electronegativity (4.787 χSpec). It is the least reactive of the noble gases; no normal compounds of neon have so far been synthesised. A small piece of rapidly melting solid argon