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Policy change will thus be punctuated by changes in these conditions, especially in party control of government, or changes in public opinion. As a result, policy is characterized by long periods of stability, punctuated by large—though less frequent—changes due to large shifts in society or government. This has been particularly evident in ...
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Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould proposed punctuated equilibria in 1972. Punctuated equilibrium is a refinement to evolutionary theory. It describes patterns of descent taking place in "fits and starts" separated by long periods of stability. Eldredge went on to develop a hierarchical vision of evolutionary and ecological systems. Around this ...
Punctuated equilibrium, path dependence, and institutions Paul A. David and W. Brian Arthur , two economists, introduced and elaborated the concept of path dependence , the idea that past events and decisions affect present options and that some outcomes can persist due to the operation of a self-reinforcing feedback loop. [ 31 ]
Punctuated equilibrium [ edit ] In the 1980s, the American palaeontologists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge argued for an extended synthesis based on their idea of punctuated equilibrium , the role of species selection shaping large scale evolutionary patterns and natural selection working on multiple levels extending from genes to species.
According to Gould, punctuated equilibrium revised a key pillar "in the central logic of Darwinian theory." [17] Some evolutionary biologists have argued that while punctuated equilibrium was "of great interest to biology generally," [42] it merely modified neo-Darwinism in a manner that was fully compatible with what had been known before. [43]
Twelve percent of parents worry that their child’s anger will cause problems, according to a new poll. Experts weigh in on tips to manage their frustrations.
Chaos Theory is a concept taken from the physical sciences. It challenges models that postulate linear and sequential processes, and instead suggests that development is inherently unpredictable. Chaos theory argues that it's unrealistic for a system to go through deterministic, predictable, and repeated stages.