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With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 18th century, there was a rapid increase in the industrial exploitation of labour, including child labour. Industrial cities such as Birmingham , Manchester , and Liverpool rapidly grew from small villages into large cities and improving child mortality rates.
Child labour increased during the Industrial Revolution due to the children's abilities to access smaller spaces and the ability to pay children less wages. In 1839 Prussia was the first country to pass laws restricting child labor in factories and setting the number of hours a child could work, [ 1 ] although a child labour law was passed was ...
Trattner, Walter I. Crusade for the Children: A History of the National Child Labor Committee and Child Labor Reform in America (1970) online; Tyler, John H. "Using state child labor laws to identify the effect of school-year work on high school achievement." Journal of Labor Economics 21.2 (2003): 381–408. Walker, Roger W.
Child labour existed before the Industrial Revolution, but with the increase in population and education it became more visible. Many children were forced to work in relatively bad conditions for much lower pay than their elders, [ 168 ] 10–20% of an adult male's wage.
In 1813, businessman Francis Cabot Lowell formed a company, the Boston Manufacturing Company, and built a textile mill next to the Charles River in Waltham, Massachusetts.. Unlike the earlier Rhode Island System, where only carding and spinning were done in a factory while the weaving was often put out to neighboring farms to be done by hand, the Waltham mill was the first integrated mill in ...
Federal protection of some child workers finally arrived with passage of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act as part of the New Deal. Unlike earlier legislation, it was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court.
State-level rollbacks to child labor protections show the need for a constitutional amendment ... more than 1.75 million American children under the age of 15 worked for wages in industrial jobs ...
Child labour existed in the Netherlands up to and through the Industrial Revolution (1760-1830) Laws governing child labor in factories were first passed in 1874, but child labor on farms continued to be the norm up until the 20th century.