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2. Scaling (geometry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaling_(geometry)

   A scale factor of 1 is normally allowed, so that congruent shapes are also classed as similar. Uniform scaling happens, for example, when enlarging or reducing a photograph, or when creating a scale model of a building, car, airplane, etc. More general is scaling with a separate scale factor for each axis direction.

3. Scale (ratio) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_(ratio)

   Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building. [1] In such cases the scale is dimensionless and exact throughout the model or drawing. The scale can be expressed in four ways: in words (a lexical scale), as a ratio, as a fraction and as a graphical (bar) scale.

4. Square–cube law - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square–cube_law

   Steam engine: James Watt, working as an instrument maker for the University of Glasgow, was given a scale model Newcomen steam engine to put in working order. Watt recognized the problem as being related to the square–cube law, in that the surface-to-volume ratio of the model's cylinder was greater than that of the much larger commercial ...

5. Category:Scale modeling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Scale_modeling

   Articles related to scale models, physical models of an object that maintain accurate relationships between its important aspects, although absolute values of the original properties need not be preserved. This enables the model to demonstrate some behavior or property of the original object without examining the original object itself.

6. Multiscale modeling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiscale_modeling

   With this perspective, the idea of experiments shifted from the large-scale complex tests to multiscale experiments that provided material models with validation at different length scales. If the modeling and simulations were physically based and less empirical, then a predictive capability could be realized for other conditions.

7. Scale model - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_model

   A scale model of a hydropower turbine. A scale model is a physical model that is geometrically similar to an object (known as the prototype). Scale models are generally smaller than large prototypes such as vehicles, buildings, or people; but may be larger than small prototypes such as anatomical structures or subatomic particles.