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Xyleco is developing a process to convert biomass into useful products, [2] including cellulosic ethanol. [3] The board of directors includes Steven Chu . Former US Secretary of State George Shultz was a board member until his death in February of 2021. [ 4 ]
A full-scale production plant capable of producing 50 to 100 million US gallons (380,000 m 3) of cellulosic ethanol was expected to go online in 2011. In October 2011, an article on the Coskata website stated that a "semi-commercial" pilot plant in Madison, Pennsylvania , had been running successfully for two years.
DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol LLC (DDCE) was a 50/50 joint venture between DuPont and Genencor, a subsidiary of Danisco. [1] The company is accelerating development and deployment of cellulosic ethanol, which is made from non-food biomass. DDCE plans to license its technology and also will engage in limited operations of cellulosic ethanol ...
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Today most biofuels are not currently cost-effective without significant subsidies. "America's ethanol program is a product of government subsidies. There are more than 200 different kinds, as well as a 54 cents-a-gallon tariff on imported ethanol. This prices Brazilian ethanol out of an otherwise competitive market.
However, the much cheaper manufacturing of grain-based ethanol, along with the low price of oil in the 2010s, meant that cellulosic ethanol was not competitive with these established fuels. As a result, most of the new refineries were closed by the mid-2010s and many of the newly founded companies became insolvent.
For each billion ethanol-equivalent gallons of fuel produced and combusted in the US, the combined climate-change and health costs are $469 million for gasoline, $472–952 million for corn ethanol depending on biorefinery heat source (natural gas, corn stover, or coal) and technology, but only $123–208 million for cellulosic ethanol ...
Ethanol fuel will have increased production from a current level of about 5 billion US gallons (19,000,000 m 3) per year (19 Gl/a, almost exclusively from corn) to over 20 billion US gallons (76,000,000 m 3) annually (76 Gl/a, mainly from cellulosic materials). Potentially 60 to 100 billion US gallons (230 to 380 Gl) of ethanol could be ...