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This soon became the standard measure of hopelessness, though it was less used than the long existing Beck Depression Inventory. In 1988 and 1989, Abramson, Gerald Metalsky, Lauren Alloy and Shirley Hartlage revised Abramson's 1978 work, and named the results the "hopelessness theory of depression". They believed that "hopelessness depression ...
America’s hopelessness crisis may have less to do with the economy and more to do with Gen Z’s mental health, new survey shows ... but for the most part, these high levels of hope characterize ...
Dysthymia characteristics include an extended period of depressed mood combined with at least two other symptoms which may include insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue or low energy, eating changes (more or less), low self-esteem, or feelings of hopelessness. Poor concentration or difficulty making decisions are treated as another possible symptom.
The gender gap in depression between adolescent men and women has been linked to young women's lower levels of positive thinking, need for approval, and self-focusing in negative conditions. [23] Frequent exposure to victimization or bullying was related to high risks of depression, ideation and suicide attempts compared to those not involved ...
“Paralysis of the will” results from the depressed patients' pessimism and hopelessness. Expecting their efforts to end in failure, they are reluctant to commit themselves to growth-oriented goals, and their activity level drops. Believing that they cannot affect the outcome of various situations, they experience a desire to avoid such ...
Finding a source of meaning may resolve a crisis, like altruism, dedicating oneself to a religious or political cause, or finding a way to develop one's potential. Other approaches include adopting a new system of meaning, learning to accept meaninglessness, cognitive behavioral therapy , and the practice of social perspective-taking .
As a result of his studies, he recommends testing sales job candidates for optimism levels to fit them to appropriate positions, training employees in learned optimism techniques, and designing an organization overall to have attainable goals set and good support from management. [3]
Major depressive episodes are known to cause sleep disturbances such as insomnia [3] or, less frequently, hypersomnia. [9] Symptoms of insomnia include trouble falling asleep, trouble staying asleep, or waking up too early in the morning. [3] Hypersomnia may include sleeping for prolonged periods at night or increased sleeping during the ...