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Reduction can be by "closed" or "open" methods: Closed reduction is the manipulation of the bone fragments without surgical exposure of the fragments.
Shoulder reduction is the process of returning the shoulder to its normal position following a shoulder dislocation.Normally, closed reduction, in which the relationship of bone and joint is manipulated externally without surgical intervention, is used.
Implant that has been used for fixation of a broken wrist. Closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) is reduction without any open surgery, followed by internal fixation. It appears to be an acceptable alternative in unstable distressed lateral condylar fractures of the humerus in children, but if fracture displacement after closed reduction exceeds 2 mm, open reduction and internal fixation ...
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Numerous pinning techniques have been proposed, however there is not enough evidence to determine which is more effective. [1] Pinning involves the manipulation, with X-ray guidance, of the fracture into an acceptable position, and the immediate insertion of metal pins, called Kirschner wires, through the skin, into one bone fragment and across the fracture line into the other bone fragment.
Surgical reduction and casting is possible in the majority of cases in people over the age of 50. [5] Pain management can be achieved during the reduction with procedural sedation and analgesia or a hematoma block. [5] A year or two may be required for healing to occur. [2] About 15% of people have a Colles' fracture at some point in their life ...
That reduction function must be a computable function. In particular, we often show that a problem P is undecidable by showing that the halting problem reduces to P. The complexity classes P, NP and PSPACE are closed under (many-one, "Karp") polynomial-time reductions. The complexity classes L, NL, P, NP and PSPACE are closed under log-space ...
The definition of a closed loop control system according to the British Standards Institution is "a control system possessing monitoring feedback, the deviation signal formed as a result of this feedback being used to control the action of a final control element in such a way as to tend to reduce the deviation to zero." [4]