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Sulfuric(IV) acid (United Kingdom spelling: sulphuric(IV) acid), also known as sulfurous (UK: sulphurous) acid and thionic acid, [citation needed] is the chemical compound with the formula H 2 SO 3. Raman spectra of solutions of sulfur dioxide in water show only signals due to the SO 2 molecule and the bisulfite ion, HSO − 3. [2]
Although nearly 100% sulfuric acid solutions can be made, the subsequent loss of SO 3 at the boiling point brings the concentration to 98.3% acid. The 98.3% grade, which is more stable in storage, is the usual form of what is described as "concentrated sulfuric acid".
Oleums can be described by the formula ySO 3 ·H 2 O where y is the total molar mass of sulfur trioxide content. The value of y can be varied, to include different oleums. They can also be described by the formula H 2 SO 4 ·xSO 3 where x is now defined as the molar free sulfur trioxide content. Oleum is generally assessed according to the free ...
A typical mixture is 3 parts of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1 part of 30 wt. % hydrogen peroxide solution; [1] other protocols may use a 4:1 or even 7:1 mixture. A closely related mixture, sometimes called "base piranha", is a 5:1:1 mixture of water, ammonia solution ( NH 4 OH , or NH 3 (aq) ), and 30% hydrogen peroxide.
The molecule SO 3 is trigonal planar.As predicted by VSEPR theory, its structure belongs to the D 3h point group.The sulfur atom has an oxidation state of +6 and may be assigned a formal charge value as low as 0 (if all three sulfur-oxygen bonds are assumed to be double bonds) or as high as +2 (if the Octet Rule is assumed). [7]
2 FeSO 4 Fe 2 O 3 + SO 2 + SO 3. Like other iron(II) salts, iron(II) sulfate is a reducing agent. For example, it reduces nitric acid to nitrogen monoxide and chlorine to chloride: 6 FeSO 4 + 3 H 2 SO 4 + 2 HNO 3 → 3 Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 + 4 H 2 O + 2 NO 6 FeSO 4 + 3 Cl 2 → 2 Fe 2 (SO 4) 3 + 2 FeCl 3
Silver sulfate precipitates as a solid when an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is treated with sulfuric acid: . 2 AgNO 3 + H 2 SO 4 → Ag 2 SO 4 + 2 HNO 3. It is purified by recrystallization from concentrated sulfuric acid, a step that expels traces of nitrate. [7]
Vanadium(III) sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula V 2 (SO 4) 3. It is a pale yellow solid that is stable to air, in contrast to most vanadium(III) compounds. It slowly dissolves in water to give the green aquo complex [V(H 2 O) 6] 3+. The compound is prepared by treating V 2 O 5 in sulfuric acid with elemental sulfur: [2]