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The Therapist's Use of Self with Michael Jacobs (Open University Press 2002) [40] The Future of Training in Psychotherapy and Counselling: Instrumental, Relational and Transpersonal Perspectives (Routledge 2005) [41] Personification: Using the Dialogical Self in Psychotherapy and Counselling (Routledge 2010) [25]
Social group work and group psychotherapy have primarily developed along parallel paths. Where the roots of contemporary group psychotherapy are often traced to the group education classes of tuberculosis patients conducted by Joseph Pratt in 1906, the exact birth of social group work can not be easily identified (Kaiser, 1958; Schleidlinger, 2000; Wilson, 1976).
Self-realisation concerns the third higher level, that of the superconscious, and pertains to Transpersonal or spiritual psychosynthesis. Self-realisation itself has three different stages. The first is the activation and expression of the potentialities residing in the superconscious: it includes… various types of transcendence…
To be dependent on an external object in adulthood is explored in the world of codependency and the formation of fascism. The internal self objects and the healthy use of external objects function as part of the "self machinery". [10] They are persons, objects or activities that "complete" the self, and which are necessary for normal functioning.
Therapy examines mainly the present moment, attending to events of the past only insofar as they affect the individual in the present. Other core aspects of treatment include a stance of curiosity, partnership with the patient rather than an 'expert' type role, monitoring and regulating emotional arousal, and identifying the affect focus.
The psychology of self is the study of either the cognitive, conative or affective representation of one's identity, or the subject of experience. The earliest form of the Self in modern psychology saw the emergence of two elements, I and me, with I referring to the Self as the subjective knower and me referring to the Self as a subject that is known.
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Rehm et al. (1979) replicated the procedures used in Fuchs and Rehm's (1977) study and evaluated the effects of self-control therapy against a behavioral assertion skills training program. Researchers found self-control therapy effective for moderately depressed women, and therefore successfully replicated the findings from Fuchs and Rehm (1977).