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The carbon cycle was first described by Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Priestley, and popularised by Humphry Davy. [5] The global carbon cycle is now usually divided into the following major reservoirs of carbon (also called carbon pools) interconnected by pathways of exchange: [6] Atmosphere; Terrestrial biosphere
The carbonate-silicate cycle is the primary control on carbon dioxide levels over long timescales. [3] It can be seen as a branch of the carbon cycle, which also includes the organic carbon cycle, in which biological processes convert carbon dioxide and water into organic matter and oxygen via photosynthesis. [5]
Atmospheric carbon is exchanged quickly between the oceans and the terrestrial biosphere. This means that at times the atmosphere acts as a sink, and at other times as a source of carbon. [2] The following section introduces exchanges between the atmospheric and other components of the global carbon cycle.
A biogeochemical cycle, or more generally a cycle of matter, [1] is the movement and transformation of chemical elements and compounds between living organisms, the atmosphere, and the Earth's crust. Major biogeochemical cycles include the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle and the water cycle. In each cycle, the chemical element or molecule is ...
Lakes are commonly known to be important sinks in the carbon cycle. Dystrophic lakes are typically net heterotrophic due to the large amount of bacterial respiration outweighing phytoplankton photosynthesis, meaning that dystrophic lakes are larger carbon sources than clear lakes, emitting carbon into the atmosphere. [19]
Most carbon is cycled through the atmosphere into living organisms and then respirated back into the atmosphere. However an important part of the carbon cycle involves the trapping of living matter into sediments. The carbon then becomes part of a sedimentary rock when lithification happens. Human technology or natural processes such as ...
Lake metabolism represents a lake's balance between carbon fixation (gross primary production) and biological carbon oxidation (ecosystem respiration). [1] Whole-lake metabolism includes the carbon fixation and oxidation from all organism within the lake , from bacteria to fishes , and is typically estimated by measuring changes in dissolved ...
The five components of the climate system all interact. They are the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere. [1]: 1451 Earth's climate system is a complex system with five interacting components: the atmosphere (air), the hydrosphere (water), the cryosphere (ice and permafrost), the lithosphere (earth's upper rocky layer) and the biosphere (living things).