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Synthetic phonics refers to a family of programmes which aim to teach reading and writing through the following methods: [2] Teaching students the correspondence between written letters (graphemes) and speech sounds (phonemes), known as “grapheme/phoneme correspondences” or “GPCs” or simply “letter-sounds”. For example, the words me ...
McGuinness is an outspoken critic of whole language instruction but also of phonics as traditionally taught in the United States. She favors an approach to early reading instruction known as synthetic phonics or linguistic phonics, in which the starting point for instruction is the 40-odd phonemes of English. [ 2 ]
in 2008. Orton-Gillingham. Phono-graphix (1993) – developed by Carmen and Geoffrey McGuinness. Preventing Academic Failure (PAF) program (1978) Reading Mastery by SRA/McGraw-Hill, previously known as DISTAR. Smart Way Reading and Spelling (2001) Spalding Method.
Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...
The Initial Teaching Alphabet (I.T.A. or i.t.a.) is a variant of the Latin alphabet developed by Sir James Pitman (the grandson of Sir Isaac Pitman, inventor of a system of shorthand) in the early 1960s. It was not intended to be a strictly phonetic transcription of English sounds, or a spelling reform for English as such, but instead a ...
Balanced literacy is a theory of teaching reading and writing the English language that arose in the 1990s and has a variety of interpretations. For some, balanced literacy strikes a balance between whole language and phonics and puts an end to the so called reading wars. Others say balanced literacy, in practice, usually means the whole ...
Spalding Method. The Spalding Method teaches reading by focusing first on phonics and writing. It was developed by Romalda Bishop Spalding in the late 1950s [1] as a multi-disciplinary educational tool. [2] [3]
Teachers College Reading and Writing Project (TCRWP or "The Project") was founded and directed by Lucy Calkins, The Robinson Professor of Children's Literature at Teachers College, Columbia University. Its mission was to help young people become avid and skilled readers, writers, and inquirers through research, curriculum development, and in ...