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  2. Nephoscope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephoscope

    If the instrument stands on level ground, so that the observer's eye is always at the same height, and if the interval between two successive spikes is equal to one-tenth of their altitude above the eye-level of the observer, one only needs to multiply the time required for the cloud to pass over one interval by 10 to determine the time the ...

  3. Ceilometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceilometer

    A ceilometer is a device that uses a laser or other light source to determine the height of a cloud ceiling or cloud base. [1] Ceilometers can also be used to measure the aerosol concentration within the atmosphere. [2] A ceilometer that uses laser light is a type of atmospheric lidar (light detection and ranging) instrument. [3] [4]

  4. Ceiling projector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_projector

    The observer looks through the eyepiece and sets the sight onto the spot projected on the cloud and reads the height from the attached scale. When the cloud is thin the beam of light may penetrate into the cloud. The observer should read the scale where the light first enters the cloud and not at the top.

  5. Meteorological instrumentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorological_instrumentation

    A pyranometer is a type of actinometer used to measure broadband solar irradiance on a planar surface and is a sensor that is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (in watts per metre square) from a field of view of 180 degrees. A ceilometer is a device that uses a laser or other light source to determine the height of a cloud ...

  6. Atmospheric lidar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_lidar

    Lidar systems can measure atmospheric temperature from the ground up to approximately 120 km using a variety of techniques, each adapted for a specific altitude range . [33] State-of-the-art lidar systems can combine several of these techniques in one system .

  7. Cloud base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_base

    A cloud base (or the base of the cloud) is the lowest altitude of the visible portion of a cloud. It is traditionally expressed either in metres or feet above mean sea level or above a planetary surface, or as the pressure level corresponding to this altitude in hectopascals (hPa, equivalent to the millibar ).

  8. Glossary of meteorology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_meteorology

    Also actiniform. Describing a collection of low-lying, radially structured clouds with distinct shapes (resembling leaves or wheels in satellite imagery), and typically organized in extensive mesoscale fields over marine environments. They are closely related to and sometimes considered a variant of stratocumulus clouds. actinometer A scientific instrument used to measure the heating power of ...

  9. Atmospheric optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_optics

    A glory is an optical phenomenon, appearing much like an iconic Saint's halo about the head of the observer, produced by light backscattered (a combination of diffraction, reflection and refraction) towards its source by a cloud of uniformly sized water droplets. A glory has multiple colored rings, with red colors on the outermost ring and blue ...

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