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Local anesthetic injections are given in specific areas of the mouth, rather than the whole body. Although several different medications are available, the most commonly used local anesthetic to prevent pain in the area around a tooth is lidocaine (also called xylocaine or lignocaine). Lidocaine's half-life in the body is about 1.5–2 hours. [2]
Pulpitis is reversible when the pain is mild to moderate and lasts for a short time after a stimulus (for instance cold); or irreversible when the pain is severe, spontaneous, and lasts a long time after a stimulus. Left untreated, pulpitis may become irreversible, then progress to pulp necrosis (death of the pulp) and apical periodontitis ...
Otherwise the vaccine is just recommended for those who are at high risk. [4] Three doses are recommended followed by additional doses every three to five years. [4] The vaccines can be used in people more than one or three years of age depending on the formulation. [4] The vaccine appears to be safe during pregnancy. [4]
1975: Measles vaccination for 1 year old children. 1975: Rubella vaccination for 11–13 years old girls and seronegative mothers. 1982: Two doses of MMR vaccination at 14–18 months and 6 years of age were introduced in the national childhood vaccination programme. 2009: Rotavirus vaccine introduced at 2, 3 and 5 months to all children ...
A caries vaccine is a vaccine to prevent and protect against tooth decay. [1] Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) has been identified as the major etiological agent of human dental caries. The development of a vaccine for tooth decay has been under investigation since the 1970s.
The initial dose of the vaccine should be followed up by a booster six to twelve months later. [14] Protection against hepatitis A begins approximately two to four weeks after the initial vaccination. [14] [16] Protection lasts at least 15 years and is estimated to last at least 25 years if the booster is administered. [17]
A hexavalent vaccine, or 6-in-1 vaccine, is a combination vaccine with six individual vaccines conjugated into one, intended to protect people from multiple diseases. [1] [9] The term usually refers to the children's vaccine that protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, haemophilus B, and hepatitis B, [1] [9] which is used in more than 90 countries around the world ...
With these three doses, the Pediarix vaccine has been given to over 8,088 infants. [13] Each does is 0.5mL and is given via intramuscular. [15] For children ages one and younger, the vaccine is injected into the thigh. [15] While for children older than one, it is injected into the deltoid muscle of the arm. [15]