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Perianal hematoma are caused by the rupture of a small vein that drains blood from the anus. [4] This rupture may be the result of forceful or strained bowel movement, anal sex or caused by heavy lifting, coughing or straining. Once the rupture has formed, blood quickly pools within a few hours and, if left untreated, forms a clot.
Pilonidal disease is a type of skin infection which typically occurs as a cyst between the cheeks of the buttocks and often at the upper end. [1] [3] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, and redness. [1]
These hard lumps irritate the rectum and lead to the formation of these ulcers. It results in fresh bleeding per rectum (i.e. hematochezia). These ulcers may be seen on imaging, such as a CT scan but are more commonly identified using endoscopy, usually a colonoscopy. [1] Treatment modalities can include both surgical and non-surgical techniques.
Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. [1] Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus, Crohn's disease, chronic corticosteroid treatment and others.
The size of the ulcers is usually 0.5–4 cm. [5] The lesion is most often located on the anterior (front) or lateral (side) rectal wall, centered on a rectal fold, [1] usually 10 cm from the anal verge. [8] Less commonly there may be ulcers in the anal canal or even in the sigmoid colon. [5]
Anal cancer is a cancer which arises from the anus, the distal opening of the gastrointestinal tract. [1] Symptoms may include bleeding from the anus or a lump near the anus. [1] Other symptoms may include pain, itchiness, or discharge from the anus. [1] A change in bowel movements may also occur. [1]
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Mucosal ectropion is another condition which may occur after hemorrhoidectomy (often together with anal stenosis). [44] This is where the anal mucosa becomes everted from the anus, similar to a very mild form of rectal prolapse. [44] Excisional hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical excision of the hemorrhoid used primarily only in severe cases. [1]