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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [1] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and developmentally-inappropriate.
ADHD combined type: Meets criteria for both ADHD inattentive type and hyperactive/impulsive type. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD): Must score either a 2 or a 3 on three or more items in questions 19–28. Anxiety/depression: Must score either a 2 or 3 on three or more items in questions 29–35.
There are many conditions comorbid to autism, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, and epilepsy. In medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions co-occurring with the primary one, or the effect of such additional disorders.
Common comorbid conditions include: Anxiety disorders, like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias (Learn more about Anxiety .) Substance abuse and substance use disorders
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder management options are evidence-based practices with established treatment efficacy for ADHD.Approaches that have been evaluated in the management of ADHD symptoms include FDA-approved pharmacologic treatment and other pharmaceutical agents, psychological or behavioral approaches, combined pharmacological and behavioral approaches, cognitive training ...
Studies of children diagnosed with ADHD have shown considerably higher scores on the Anxious/Depressed scale of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist, [16] which implies a comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety. It has been suggested that impaired synaptic gating processes in the nucleus accumbens are the underlying cause of this comorbidity. [17]
Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder occur in a minority of individuals with ADHD, but more often than in the general population. [147] Further research suggests that about 20 to 40 percent of individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have comorbid anxiety disorders, with GAD being the most prevalent. [148]
Subsequent research established that it can be comorbid with ADHD—and present in individuals without ADHD as well. Therefore, and due to many other lines of evidence, there is a scientific consensus that the condition is a distinct syndrome.
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