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The rule of law is a political and legal ideal that all people and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers, government officials, and judges. [2] [3] [4] It is sometimes stated simply as "no one is above the law" or "all are equal before the law".
Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be.It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values; as well as the relationship between law and other fields of study, including economics, ethics, history, sociology, and political philosophy.
[3] Contemporary legal scholars working within the Law and Society tradition have expanded upon the foundations set by legal realism to postulate what has been referred to as new legal realism. As a form of jurisprudence, legal realism is defined by its focus on the law as it actually exists in practice, rather than how it exists in books.
Germans prefer a "grammatical" (literal) interpretation, because the statutory text has a democratic legitimation, and "sensible" interpretations are risky, in particular in view of German history. "Sensible" means different things to different people. The modern, common-law perception that courts actually make law is very
The former are legal syllogism, which holds sway in civil law legal systems, analogy, which is present in common law legal systems, especially in the US, and argumentative theories that occur in both systems. The latter are different rules (directives) of legal interpretation such as directives of linguistic interpretation, teleological ...
The "thin" conception rule of law advocates the view that the rule of law is fulfilled by adhering to formal procedures and requirements, and that the normative content of law concerns substantive legal issue separate from the rule of law. [2] According to Albert Venn Dicey, the rule of law in the United Kingdom has three dominant ...
"Institutional Settlement." As the name suggests, the legal process school was deeply interested in the processes by which law is made, and particularly in a federal system, how authority to answer various questions is distributed vertically (as between state and federal governments) and horizontally (as between branches of government) and how this impacts on the legitimacy of decisions.
Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice is generally recognized as a definitive statement of the sources of international law. [2] It requires the Court to apply, among other things, (a) international conventions, whether general or particular, establishing rules expressly recognized by the contesting states; (b) international custom, as evidence of a general ...