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Raja Ram Sinsinwar (reigned 1 January 1670 – 4 July 1688) was the first leader, who organised a rebellion against Aurangzeb.He was the chieftain of Sinsini.Before Rajaram the zamindars were organised by different village heads dotted around Agra, Mathura and the Yamuna river.
After Aurangzeb, Marathas conquered a significant portion of India, stretching from the Chenab River to the borders of Bengal. [ 120 ] The involvement of the Bombay Government in advocating Raghoba 's claim to the Peshwaship of the Maratha Confederacy resulted in the First Anglo-Maratha War , ultimately concluding with the signing of the Treaty ...
Rajaram was born in the family of Bhonsle dynasty, to Chhatrapati Shivaji and his second wife, Soyarabai on 24 February 1670. He was thirteen years younger than his brother, Sambhaji. Given the ambitious nature of Soyarabai, Rajaram was installed on the Maratha throne upon the death of his father in 1680 at the age of 10.
Aurangzeb was frustrated with Rajaram's successful escape. Keeping most of his force in Maharashtra, he sent a small number to keep Rajaram in check. This small force was destroyed by an attack from two Maratha generals, Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav , who then they joined Ramchandra Bavadekar in Deccan.
The siege of Jinji, (September 1690–8 January 1698), began when the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb appointed Zulfiqar Ali Khan as the Nawab of the Carnatic and dispatched him to besiege and capture Jinji Fort, which had been sacked and captured by Maratha Empire troops led by Rajaram, they had also ambushed and killed about 300 Mughal Sowars in the Carnatic.
Rajaram returned to jinji and occupied the fort 11 November 1689, but left before it fell in 1698, setting up his court at fort Satara. Then, Maratha commanders, Santaji Ghorpade and Dhanaji Jadhav , defeated the Mughal forces, therefore cutting off their lines of communication in Jingi.
Aurangzeb's court deliberated whether to execute him or keep him as a servant. Jai Singh, having assured Shivaji of his personal safety, tried to influence Aurangzeb's decision. [ 7 ] However, Aurangzeb intended to kill Shivaji and ordered Faulad Khan to transfer Shivaji from Ram Singh's custody to the house of Radanaza Khan.
Aurangzeb was the longest reigning Mughal Emperor. His empire was also one of the largest in Indian history. However, his emperorship has a complicated legacy. [10] His critics, citing his actions against the non-Muslims and his conservative view of Islam, argue that he abandoned the legacy of pluralism and tolerance of the earlier Mughal emperors.