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These include the proper use of marine radar and the taking of bearings by ship's compass to determine if there is a steady bearing and risk of collison. [11] Rule 8 – Action to Avoid Collision. [12] [13] This rule sets out requirements for vessels to alter course and/or speed to pass a safe distance with other vessels. [12]
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) states that "The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) is a comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities, developed in response to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities in the wake of the 9/11 attacks in the United States".
The detection range between these devices and ships, dependent upon the height of the ship's radar mast and the height of the Search and Rescue Locating device, is normally about 15 km (8 nautical miles). Once detected by radar, the Search and Rescue Locating device will produce a visual and aural indication to the persons in distress.
A typical shipboard ARPA/radar system. A marine radar with automatic radar plotting aid (ARPA) capability can create tracks using radar contacts. [1] [2] The system can calculate the tracked object's course, speed and closest point of approach [3] (CPA), thereby knowing if there is a danger of collision with the other ship or landmass.
The SOLAS Convention (Chapter XI-2, Regulation 6) which enforces the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code on maritime security requires all ships over 500 GT to be equipped with an SSAS. [1] [3] [7] Only exception are non-passenger vessels of less than 500 GT constructed before 1 July 2004. [8]
The protective capsule of a voyage data recorder on M/V Barfleur This image shows the AMI Marine ltd Float Free Capsule used on ships to store a minimum of 48 hours of recorded data. if the vessel sinks the capsule case (white) will open and release the Yellow capsule from inside, this capsule will then float to the surface and emit a distress signal to alert shore side authorities.
A NAVTEX receiver prints an incoming message NAVTEX message for the Baltic Sea. NAVTEX (NAVigational TEleX), sometimes styled Navtex or NavTex, is an international automated medium frequency direct-printing service for delivery of navigational and meteorological warnings and forecasts, as well as urgent maritime safety information (MSI) to ships.
The radar measures the distance to the reflector by measuring the time of the round trip from emission of a pulse to reception, dividing this by two, and then multiplying by the speed of light. To be accepted, the received pulse has to lie within a period of time called the range gate .