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Overall, former mita districts suffer from lower economic performance, as demonstrated by generally lower household consumption and increased rates of stunted growth. Without haciendas to compete with the more exploitative Spanish system, mita districts were subjected to greater economic and health pressures from their labor.
The mitma system was effective because instead of trying to invent new governments, they just shuffled about existing ethnic groups. [ 9 ] The Inca kept great tabs on their populace in order to ensure that challenges to their authority did not occur.
The Inca road system (also spelled Inka road system and known as Qhapaq Ñan [note 1] meaning "royal road" in Quechua [1]) was the most extensive and advanced transportation system in pre-Columbian South America. It was about 40,000 kilometres (25,000 mi) long.
Ayllu is a word in both the Quechua and Aymara languages referring to a network of families in a given area, often with a putative or fictive common ancestor. [1] The male head of an ayllu is called a mallku which means, literally, “condor”, but is a title which can be more freely translated as “prince”.
Because the Argentine portion of Kollasuyu was on the edge of the empire the communities there had even more local autonomy than elsewhere in the empire, but were still subject to Inca protection and duties through the mita system of reciprocity. At the same time, Inca statebuilding was based on the threat of violence. [2] This interplay of ...
Inca road system. Inca administration constructed and renovated very complex ancient networks of roads and bridges, known as Qhapaq Ñan, in order to improve the ability of the Inca to exert imperial authority. Inca engineers improved upon earlier cultures' highways, such as those built by the Chimu, Wari, and Tiwanaku, among others. [6]
The word Quipu is derived from a Quechua word meaning 'knot' or 'to knot'. [16] The terms quipu and khipu are simply spelling variations on the same word.Quipu is the traditional spelling based on the Spanish orthography, while khipu reflects the recent Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift.
With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting of unethical behavior. The Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered subjects of the Crown, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class, with the shift away ...