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  2. David Malet Armstrong - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Malet_Armstrong

    David Malet Armstrong AO FAHA (8 July 1926 – 13 May 2014), [4] often D. M. Armstrong, was an Australian philosopher.He is well known for his work on metaphysics and the philosophy of mind, and for his defence of a factualist ontology, a functionalist theory of the mind, an externalist epistemology, and a necessitarian conception of the laws of nature.

  3. Value theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_theory

    Absolute value, also called value simpliciter, is a form of unconditional value. A thing has relative value if its value is limited to certain considerations or viewpoints. [33] One form of relative value is restricted to the type of an entity, expressed in sentences like "That is a good knife" or "Jack is a good thief".

  4. List of important publications in philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_important...

    Martha Nussbaum, The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy, 1986; Paul W. Taylor, Respect for Nature: A Theory of Environmental Ethics, 1986; Holmes Rolston III, Environmental Ethics: Duties to and Values in the Natural World, 1988; Shelly Kagan, The Limits of Morality, 1989

  5. Outline of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_metaphysics

    Peirce divided metaphysics into (1) ontology or general metaphysics, (2) psychical or religious metaphysics, and (3) physical metaphysics. Henri Bergson (1859 – 1941) – French philosopher, influential especially in the first half of the 20th century. Bergson considered change to be the fundamental nature of reality.

  6. Metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

    The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics, one of the foundational texts of the discipline. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the conceptual framework of human ...

  7. Metaethics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaethics

    In metaphilosophy and ethics, metaethics is the study of the nature, scope, ground, and meaning of moral judgment, ethical belief, or values.It is one of the three branches of ethics generally studied by philosophers, the others being normative ethics (questions of how one ought to be and act) and applied ethics (practical questions of right behavior in given, usually contentious, situations).

  8. Moral skepticism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_skepticism

    Moral skepticism (or moral scepticism in British English) is a class of meta-ethical theories all members of which entail that no one has any moral knowledge. Many moral skeptics also make the stronger, modal claim that moral knowledge is impossible.

  9. State of affairs (philosophy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_affairs_(philosophy)

    In philosophy, a state of affairs (German: Sachverhalt), [1] also known as a situation, is a way the actual world must be in order to make some given proposition about the actual world true; in other words, a state of affairs is a truth-maker, whereas a proposition is a truth-bearer.