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Drought is a phenomenon that occurs in Nigeria and impacts the whole nation. The arid and semiarid regions are more sensitive than the dryer south, but the degree of vulnerability varies. In Northern Nigeria , there are several records of drought occurrences that resulted in famines in the years 1914, 1924, 1935, 1943, 1951–1954, 1972–1973 ...
Desertification is one of the issues of environmental concern in Nigeria, particularly the northern part of the country. According to UNEP [4] in 1993, Northern Nigeria has one of the highest rates of deforestation in the world at about 3.5%, caused by land degradation, increase in agricultural intensity, over-grazing of livestock, and demand for fuel by cutting down trees.
The drought of 1972 and 1973 was attributed to the death of 13% of animals in the north-eastern Nigeria and an annual agricultural yield loss of more than 50%. [30] The rainfall trend between 1960 and 1990 in northeast Nigeria has steadily declined by about 8 mm/year. [31] Nigeria's most recent drought was between 1991 and 1995. [31] [32]
Climate Change in Nigeria is evident from temperature increase, rainfall variability (increasing in coastal areas and decline in continental areas). It is also reflected in drought , desertification , rising sea levels, erosion, floods, thunderstorms , bush fires , landslides , land degradation , more frequent, extreme weather conditions and ...
Cycles of several wet decades followed by a drought were to be repeated during the 18th century. Sahelian drought again killed hundreds of thousands of people in the 1740s and 1750s. [12] The 1740s and 1750s was recorded in chronicles of what is today Northern Nigeria, Niger and Mali as the "Great Famine", the worst for at least 200 years prior.
Drought is a recurring issue in Nigeria, particularly in the arid north, with historical famines documented in various years. A recent survey by SBMIntel found that 79% of Nigerian farmers were impacted by drought and flooding in 2020, with 26.3% experiencing significant harvest disruptions. This poses a threat to national food security.
The dam was insufficient to meet local needs in times of drought. In January 2001, the Zamfara State Governor, Ahmed Sani Yerima met the federal minister of Water Resources, Mohammed Bello Kaliel and told him that Gusau Dam could dry up soon, asking the Federal Government to transfer water from the Bakolori Dam to Gusau.
The Tiga Dam is located in southern part of Kano State in the Northwest of Nigeria, constructed in 1971–1974. It is a major reservoir on the Kano River, the main tributary of the Hadejia River. The dam was built during the administration of Governor Audu Bako in an attempt to improve food security through irrigation projects.