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With NAT, all communications sent to external hosts actually contain the external IP address and port information of the NAT device instead of internal host IP addresses or port numbers. NAT only translates IP addresses and ports of its internal hosts, hiding the true endpoint of an internal host on a private network.
An ALG is very similar to a proxy server, as it sits between the client and real server, facilitating the exchange. There seems to be an industry convention that an ALG does its job without the application being configured to use it, by intercepting the messages. A proxy, on the other hand, usually needs to be configured in the client application.
Network address translation traversal is a computer networking technique of establishing and maintaining Internet Protocol connections across gateways that implement network address translation (NAT). NAT traversal techniques are required for many network applications, such as peer-to-peer file sharing and voice over IP. [1]
Port forwarding via NAT router. In computer networking, port forwarding or port mapping is an application of network address translation (NAT) that redirects a communication request from one address and port number combination to another while the packets are traversing a network gateway, such as a router or firewall.
A VIP address can be used to provide nearly unlimited mobility. For example, if an application has an IP address on a physical subnet, that application can be moved only to a host on that same subnet. VIP addresses can be advertised on their own subnet, [a] so its application can be moved anywhere on the reachable network without changing ...
NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP) is a network protocol for establishing network address translation (NAT) settings and port forwarding configurations automatically without user effort. [1] The protocol automatically determines the external IPv4 address of a NAT gateway, and provides means for an application to communicate the parameters for ...
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All TCP NAT traversal and hole punching techniques have to solve the port prediction problem. A NAT port allocation can be one of the two: predictable the gateway uses a simple algorithm to map the local port to the NAT port. Most of the time a NAT will use port preservation, which means that the local port is mapped to the same port on the NAT.