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In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) is one of the six cases of nouns. Traditionally, it is the sixth case ( cāsus sextus, cāsus latīnus ). It has forms and functions derived from the Proto-Indo-European ablative , instrumental , and locative .
Introduction to the ablative case from a 1903 Latin textbook. In grammar, the ablative case (pronounced / ˈ æ b l ə t ɪ v / AB-lə-tiv; sometimes abbreviated abl) is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in the grammars of various languages. It is used to indicate motion away from something, make comparisons, and serve ...
In the United States, in grammars such as Gildersleeve and Lodge's Latin Grammar (1895), the traditional order is used, with the genitive case in the second place and ablative last. In the popularly used Wheelock's Latin (1956, 7th edition 2011) and Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar (1903), however, the vocative is placed at the end.
Because the locative was already identical to the ablative (which had a "location" meaning as well) in the plural, the loss of distinction between the endings eventually caused the functions of the locative case to be absorbed by the ablative case in Classical Latin.
The rhyme explains the Latin near-homonym sentence "malo malo malo malo", where each is a different meaning for one of the two words "mālo" and "mălo."One of its functions is to remind students that the ablative of comparison does not employ a preposition and that the preposition typically employed with the ablative of place where is sometimes omitted (typically in verse).
1. In French-law-based systems, refers to the legal operation, activity, or fact embodied or memorialized by a legal instrument (as opposed to the instrument itself, known as an instrumentum); 2. In German-law-based systems, refers to a transactional act, the main sub-type of legal acts. See also actus iuridicus.
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The English word case used in this sense comes from the Latin casus, which is derived from the verb cadere, "to fall", from the Proto-Indo-European root ḱh₂d-. [8] The Latin word is a calque of the Greek πτῶσις, ptôsis, lit. "falling, fall". [9] The sense is that all other cases are considered to have "fallen" away from the nominative.