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Depression can have multiple, sometimes overlapping, origins. Depression can be a symptom of some mood disorders, some of which are also commonly called depression, such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and dysthymia. [7] Additionally, depression can be a normal temporary reaction to life events, such as the loss of a loved one.
The depression is multifactorial and has been on the increase due to societal pressure, genetic association and increase in use of drugs (Zhang et al. 2016) [full citation needed]. incorporation of nursing in management of depression may seem important in that nursing hold a pivotal role in health care delivery where they are they are the ...
Mood disorders fall into seven groups, [2] including; abnormally elevated mood, such as mania or hypomania; depressed mood, of which the best-known and most researched is major depressive disorder (MDD) (alternatively known as clinical depression, unipolar depression, or major depression); and moods which cycle between mania and depression ...
Depression is common among those over 65 years of age and increases in frequency beyond this age. [32] The risk of depression increases in relation to the frailty of the individual. [288] Depression is one of the most important factors which negatively impact quality of life in adults, as well as the elderly. [32]
A depression rating scale is a psychometric instrument (tool), usually a questionnaire whose wording has been validated with experimental evidence, having descriptive words and phrases that indicate the severity of depression for a time period. [1]
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) is an international standard diagnostic classification for a wide variety of health conditions. The ICD-10 states that mental disorder is "not an exact term", although is generally used "...to imply the existence of a clinically recognisable set of symptoms or behaviours associated in most cases with distress and with interference with ...
The UK National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence has specified the following "levels of depression" based on the 17-item HRSD. It previously used the terms in parentheses, which are those of the American Psychiatric Association. [18] Not depressed: 0–7; Mild (subthreshold): 8–13; Moderate (mild): 14–18; Severe (moderate): 19–22
Symptoms must also cause clinically significant distress in important areas of everyday life (e.g. social or occupational). [22] For a diagnosis of a major depressive episode, the patient must also not have a history of manic or hypomanic episodes and their symptoms cannot meet the criteria for a mixed episode. [23]