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2. SMPTE color bars - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMPTE_color_bars

   SMPTE ECR 1-1978 (SDTV) In a SMPTE color bar image, the top two-thirds of the television picture contain seven vertical bars of 75% intensity. In order from left to right, the colors are white or gray, yellow, cyan, green, magenta, red, and blue. [18] The choice of white or gray depends on whether that bar's luminance is 100% or not.

3. Indian-head test pattern - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian-head_test_pattern

   Indian Head pattern with its elements labeled, describing the use of each element in aligning a black and white analog TV receiver. The Indian-head test pattern was created by RCA at their factory in Harrison, New Jersey. Each element of the card was designed to measure a specific technical aspect of television broadcast so that an experienced ...

4. Philips circle pattern - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips_circle_pattern

   Recreation of the original 4:3 circle pattern. The Philips circle pattern (also referred to as the Philips pattern or PTV Circle pattern) refers to a family of related electronically generated complex television station colour test cards. The content and layout of the original colour circle pattern was designed by Danish engineer Finn Hendil ...

5. Fullscreen (aspect ratio) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullscreen_(aspect_ratio)

   Fullscreen (or full screen) refers to the 4:3 (1. 3:1) aspect ratio of early standard television screens and computer monitors. [1] Widescreen ratios started to become more popular in the 1990s and 2000s. Film originally created in the 4:3 aspect ratio does not need to be altered for full-screen release. In contrast, other aspect ratios can be ...

6. Aspect ratio (image) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspect_ratio_(image)

   In actual images, these extra pixels are often partly or entirely black, as only the center 704 horizontal pixels carry actual 4:3 or 16:9 image. Hence, the actual pixel aspect ratio PAR for PAL video is a little different from that given by the formula, specifically 12:11 for PAL and 10:11 for NTSC.

7. Chroma subsampling - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chroma_subsampling

   4:2:0 progressive sampling applied to a still image. Both fields are shown. 4:2:0 interlaced sampling applied to a still image. Both fields are shown. If the interlaced material is to be de-interlaced, the comb-like chroma artifacts (from 4:2:0 interlaced sampling) can be removed by blurring the chroma vertically. [18]

8. NTSC - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTSC

   NTSC (from National Television Standards Committee) is the first American standard for analog television, published in 1941. [1] In 1961, it was assigned the designation System M. It is also known as EIA standard 170. [2] In 1953, a second NTSC standard was adopted, which allowed for color television broadcast compatible with the existing stock ...

9. Test card - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_card

   Test card. SMPTE color bars: common NTSC test pattern. PM5544: common PAL test pattern. EBU colour bars (4:3) A test card, also known as a test pattern or start-up/closedown test, is a television test signal, typically broadcast at times when the transmitter is active but no program is being broadcast (often at sign-on and sign-off). [1]