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The diagonals of a square are (about 1.414) times the length of a side of the square. This value, known as the square root of 2 or Pythagoras' constant, [1] was the first number proven to be irrational. A square can also be defined as a parallelogram with equal diagonals that bisect the angles.
For instance, the main diagonal of the 4×4 matrix above contains the elements a11 = 9, a22 = 11, a33 = 4, a44 = 10. In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n -by- n matrix is known as a square matrix of order . Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied.
In linear algebra, the adjugate or classical adjoint of a square matrix A, adj (A), is the transpose of its cofactor matrix. [1][2] It is occasionally known as adjunct matrix, [3][4] or "adjoint", [5] though that normally refers to a different concept, the adjoint operator which for a matrix is the conjugate transpose.
Applicable to: square, hermitian, positive definite matrix Decomposition: =, where is upper triangular with real positive diagonal entries Comment: if the matrix is Hermitian and positive semi-definite, then it has a decomposition of the form = if the diagonal entries of are allowed to be zero
An n×n matrix with n distinct nonzero eigenvalues has 2 n square roots. Such a matrix, A, has an eigendecomposition VDV−1 where V is the matrix whose columns are eigenvectors of A and D is the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are the corresponding n eigenvalues λi. Thus the square roots of A are given by VD1/2 V−1, where D1/2 is ...
Square matrices. For a square matrix, the diagonal (or main diagonal or principal diagonal) is the diagonal line of entries running from the top-left corner to the bottom-right corner. [1][2][3] For a matrix with row index specified by and column index specified by , these would be entries with . For example, the identity matrix can be defined ...
An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order n. Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied. The entries a ii form the main diagonal of a square matrix. They lie on the imaginary line that runs from the top left corner to the bottom right corner of the matrix.
A square matrix may have a multiplicative inverse, called an inverse matrix. In the common case where the entries belong to a commutative ring R, a matrix has an inverse if and only if its determinant has a multiplicative inverse in R. The determinant of a product of square matrices is the product of the determinants of the factors.