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Global average sea level has risen 8–9 inches (21–24 centimeters) since 1880. In 2023, global average sea level set a new record high—101.4 mm (3.99 inches) above 1993 levels.
What is global mean sea level? This is the average height of the entire ocean surface. Global mean sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the added water from melting land-based ice sheets and glaciers and the expansion of seawater as it warms.
Sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the added water from melting ice sheets and glaciers, and the expansion of seawater as it warms. The first graph tracks the change in global sea level since 1993, as observed by satellites.
Quite simply, sea level rise is a symptom of climate change. As global temperatures increase due to climate change, the oceans absorb much of this excess heat. Warmer water grows in...
Scientists have found that global mean sea level—shown in the line plot above and below—has risen 10.1 centimeters (3.98 inches) since 1992. Over the past 140 years, satellites and tide gauges together show that global sea level has risen 21 to 24 centimeters (8 to 9 inches).
Visualize and download global and local sea level projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report.
Get the latest information on sea level science, news, data, and newest features of the NASA Sea Level Web Portal. An animation shows global sea level trends from 1993 to 2022 as observed by several satellite missions. Visit NASA's portal for an in-depth look at the science behind sea level change.
Global average sea level rose by about 0.3 inches (0.76 centimeters) from 2022 to 2023, a relatively large jump due mostly to a warming climate and the development of a strong El Niño. The total rise is equivalent to draining a quarter of Lake Superior into the ocean over the course of a year.
The 2022-2023 rise is equivalent to draining a quarter of Lake Superior into the ocean over the course of a year. This NASA-led analysis is based on a sea level data set featuring more than 30 years of satellite observations, starting with the U.S.-French TOPEX/Poseidon mission, which launched in 1992.
The updated IPCC AR6 sea level projections are formed by combining different projections of individual processes that cause sea level change within a consistent framework. The AR6 uses shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) scenarios, which predict global socioeconomic changes, to model sea level rise.