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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to immunology: . Immunology – study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. [1] It deals with the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, immune deficiency ...
Bacteriology – study of bacteria; Immunology – study of immune systems in all organisms. Mycology – study of fungi; Parasitology – study of parasites and parasitism. Virology – study of viruses; Biochemistry. Molecular biology – study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, with some cross over from biochemistry.
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine [1] that covers the study of immune systems [2] in all organisms.. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, [3] immune deficiency, [4] and ...
In immunology, clonal selection theory explains the functions of cells of the immune system (lymphocytes) in response to specific antigens invading the body. The concept was introduced by Australian doctor Frank Macfarlane Burnet in 1957, in an attempt to explain the great diversity of antibodies formed during initiation of the immune response .
The history of immunology and the medical study of the immune system dates back to the 19th century. The first Nobel Prize in the field of immunogenetics was awarded to Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset and George Davis Snell in 1980 for discovering genetically determined cellular surface structures, which control immunological reactions.
Handbook of Experimental Immunology. Vol. 1. Immunochemistry (4th ed.). Oxford, England: Blackwell Scientific. pp. 32.1 – 32.50. ISBN 9780632014996 at Google Books "Ouchterlony Analysis" (PDF). Medical Immunology 544. University of California, Irvine College of Medicine. Fall 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-07
The second study [10] suggested the possibility that the immune system detected "danger", through a series of what is now called damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), working in concert with both positive and negative signals derived from other tissues.
Ecoimmunology or Ecological Immunology is the study of the causes and consequences of variation in immunity. [1] [2] The field of ecoimmunology seeks to give an ultimate perspective for proximate mechanisms of immunology. This approach places immunology in evolutionary and ecological contexts across all levels of biological organization.