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After the war ended with Pakistan's own dismemberment, he laid down the doctrine of continuing the conflict by "inflicting a thousand cuts" on India. [15] On 5 July 1977, Bhutto was deposed by his army chief General Zia-ul-Haq in a military coup before being controversially tried and executed. [16] [17]
Zia and his doctrine are widely credited with making political Islam an influential movement within Pakistan, turning a relatively secular country into one that was based on Islamic law. [ 4 ] General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , whose policies became known as Ziaism
Zia and his doctrine are widely credited with making political Islam an influential movement within Pakistan, turning a relatively secular country into one that was based on Islamic law. [ 141 ] General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , whose policies became known as Ziaism The ideology attracts much controversy, especially in Pakistan , where religious ...
Zia favored Deobandi doctrine. So the Sufi pirs of Sindh (who were Barelvi) joined the anti-Zia Movement for the Restoration of Democracy. [15] From its inception, Pakistani leaders have leveraged religious sentiments as a means to fortify the nation's identity.
Many of the policies of Zia-ul-Haq's government are seen as 'clearly anti-Shia'. Zia-ul-Haq's regime implemented policies that favored certain interpretations, which marginalized Shia rights and contributed to the rise of sectarian militant groups and leading to sectarian tensions and violence against Shia communities in Pakistan. [31]
Operation Fair Play was the code name for the military coup d'état conducted on 5 July 1977 by Zia-ul-Haq. The code name Fair Play was intended to portray the coup as the benign intervention of an impartial referee to uphold respect for the rules and ensure free and fair elections. [7] Zia-ul-Haq, the instigator of the Coup
Some suspected the anti-Zia group al-Zulfiqar, led by Murtaza Bhutto, brother of Benazir Bhutto, who would ultimately gain most from Zia's departure. Zia's son Ijaz-ul-Haq told Barbara Crossette a year after the crash that he was "101 percent sure" that Murtaza was involved. Benazir Bhutto suggested that the fatal crash might well have been an ...
The Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD), Urdu: اتحاد برائے بحالی جمہوریت, was a political alliance in Pakistan founded in 1981 by the political parties opposing the military government of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan.