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Segmentation contractions (or movements) are a type of intestinal motility. Unlike peristalsis , which predominates in the esophagus , segmentation contractions occur in the large intestine and small intestine , while predominating in the latter.
Cooperative segmental mobility is a phenomenon associated with mobility of tens to a few hundreds of repeat units of a polymer and is important in defining the transition between “glassy” and “rubbery” state of the polymer. This cooperative segmental mobility is closely related to the dynamics of the polymer near its glass transition ...
The range of segmental movements in a single segment is difficult to measure clinically, not only because of variations between individuals, but also because it is age and sex dependent. Furthermore, flexion and extension in the lumbal spine is the product of a combination of rotation and translation in the sagittal plane between each vertebra. [4]
Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions occur involuntarily, resulting in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. [3] The movements may resemble a tremor. Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into ...
While all three have a generally segmented body plan and use a growth zone, they use different mechanisms for generating this patterning. Even within these groups, different organisms have different mechanisms for segmenting the body. Segmentation of the body plan is important for allowing free movement and development of certain body parts.
A functional spinal unit (FSU), or motion segment, is the smallest physiological motion unit of the spine to exhibit biomechanical [1] characteristics similar to those of the entire spine.
In higher vertebrates such as humans, the segmental plates are laid down during the process of gastrulation and the segmental plates appear on both sides of the mid-line neural epithelium. Later, the process of neurulation occurs in the mid-line and the segmental plates proceed to the side of the neural tube and notochord.
Different synergists feature partial similar functions. Therefore, a certain movement can be formed out of different combinations and participations of muscles acting on a certain joint. Even muscles not being in a direct connection towards a certain joint can fulfill a stabilising function for that very joint.