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Water lily sign is a radiologic sign seen in hydatid cyst infection. [1] It refers to floating laminated membranes of the cyst within a dense fibrous cystic wall, resembling the appearance of a water lily in radiographs.
For cystic echinococcosis diagnosis, imaging is the main method—while serology tests (such as indirect hemagglutination, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), immunoblots, or latex agglutination) that use antigens specific for E. granulosus verify the imaging results.
Echinococcus granulosus, also called the hydatid worm or dog tapeworm, is a cyclophyllid cestode that dwells in the small intestine of canids as an adult, but which has important intermediate hosts such as livestock and humans, where it causes cystic echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease.
It penetrates the intestinal wall and is carried by bloodstream to liver, lung, brain, or another organ. It settles there and turns into a bladder-like structure called hydatid cyst. From the inner lining of its wall, protoscoleces (i.e. scoleces with invaginated tissue layers) bud and protrude into the fluid filling the cyst.
imaging of hydatid cysts in the liver, lungs, kidney and spleen Worldwide in grazing areas as intermediate host, ingestion of material contaminated by feces from a carnivore; as definite host, ingestion of uncooked meat from a herbivore: Hymenolepiasis [8] Hymenolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta
Hydatid cysts of Morgagni, also hydatids of Morgagni or Morgagni's cysts, are common and appear as pedunculated, often tiny, frequently multiple cysts connected to the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes. They thus appear to be a specific variant of paratubal cysts. [9] They are named after Giovanni Battista Morgagni.
Biliary cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma constitute less than 5% of intrahepatic cysts originating from the bile duct. [6] Cystadenomas in liver are often confused with hydatid cyst as their appearance on various imaging techniques is nearly same. [7] Treating cystadenomas as hydatid cyst has resulted in recurrence of the cyst. [7]
Echinococcus multilocularis, the fox tapeworm, is a small cyclophyllid tapeworm found extensively in the northern hemisphere. E. multilocularis, along with other members of the Echinococcus genus (especially E. granulosus), produce diseases known as echinococcosis.