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Seismic data acquisition is the first of the three distinct stages of seismic exploration, the other two being seismic data processing and seismic interpretation. [ 28 ] Seismic surveys are typically designed by National oil companies and International oil companies who hire service companies such as CGG , Petroleum Geo-Services and WesternGeco ...
Bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) are, on seismic reflection profiles, shallow seismic reflection events, characterized by their reflection geometry similar to seafloor bathymetry. [1]. They have, however, the opposite reflection polarity to the seabed reflection, [ 1 ] and frequently intersect the primary reflections.
Seismic reflection capitalizes on the echo of seismic waves off boundaries where acoustic impedance varies between earth layers. [81] By recording the differences in travel time and wave amplitude, researchers correlate these measurements with subsurface properties to map out velocity structures, akin to seismic refraction but focusing on wave ...
Whenever a new social game creator burst onto the scene with promises of "shaking up the status quo," it's tough not respond with a bit of skepticism. Perhaps it's cynicism. Maybe it's even the ...
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An air gun seismic source (30 litre) A seismic source is a device that generates controlled seismic energy used to perform both reflection and refraction seismic surveys. A seismic source can be simple, such as dynamite, or it can use more sophisticated technology, such as a specialized air gun.
The diagram above shows the acoustic impedance relationship that results in a bright spot. In reflection seismology, a bright spot is a local high amplitude seismic attribute anomaly that can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons and is therefore known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator.
In comparison to the typical seismic reflection survey, which is restricted to relatively small incidence angles due to the limited offsets between source and receiver, wide-angle reflection and refraction (WARR) data are acquired with long offsets, allowing the recording of both refracted and wide-angle reflection arrivals. [1] [2]