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Gray iron, or grey cast iron, is a type of cast iron that has a graphitic microstructure. It is named after the gray color of the fracture it forms, which is due to the presence of graphite. [ 1 ] It is the most common cast iron and the most widely used cast material based on weight.
Grey cast iron has less tensile strength and shock resistance than steel, but its compressive strength is comparable to low- and medium-carbon steel. These mechanical properties are controlled by the size and shape of the graphite flakes present in the microstructure and can be characterised according to the guidelines given by the ASTM. [7]
Cast iron is a brittle form of iron which is weaker in tension than in compression. It has a relatively low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability and wear resistance. Though almost entirely replaced by steel in building structures, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications ...
Though not entirely of cast iron, it is the earliest large metal framed building still standing, and a pioneer in the development metal frames. [ 11 ] Watson's Hotel in Mumbai was prefabricated in England and built in 1867–69, using brick infill panels in a heavy and decorative cast-iron frame and is one of the largest completely cast iron ...
Grey cast iron consists mainly of the microstructure called pearlite, mixed with graphite and sometimes ferrite. Grey cast iron is usually used as cast, with its properties being determined by its composition. White cast iron is composed mostly of a microstructure called ledeburite mixed with pearlite. Ledeburite is very hard, making cast iron ...
This patent concerned a technique to make "grey iron castings" (note: this is the spelling exactly as it appears in the patent). The Meehanite Metal Corporation has a number of other patents [citation needed] on machinery for adding the inoculant agents to melts of iron in a controlled manner.
Ductile iron pipe is different than cast iron, because the introduction of magnesium during the casting process causes the graphite to form spheres (graphite nodules) rather than flakes. While this allows the material to remain castable, the end product is much tougher than cast iron, and allows elastic behavior at lower stress levels. [1]
Iron has become an important architectural building component. It has been used in four common forms: wrought iron, cast iron, sheet iron, and steel. [12] Wrought iron was used for minor structural and decorative elements starting in the 18th century. Until the mid-19th century, the use of wrought iron in buildings was generally limited to ...